Ireland · born Ballyragget, County Kilkenny, 1863 · died 1905 · right-handed · twice US champion and the first player to win three titles at one major
Hall of Fame 1976
MC
A period scene. No freely licensed photograph of this player has been found yet.
First player to win singles, doubles and mixed at one major
1891
First player from outside the US to win a US title
0
Completed singles matches lost in the United States, 1890 to 1893
Playing career
Mabel Esmonde Cahill was born on 2 April 1863 at Ballyconra House, Ballyragget, County Kilkenny, the twelfth of thirteen children of Michael Cahill, a landowner and barrister. She first appears in the records winning a handicap event at the Kilkenny County and City Tournament at Archersfield in 1884 and played tournaments across Ireland until 1886, without much success in the open events.
She emigrated to New York in 1889, joined the New York Tennis Club and found the American standard lower and her own game improving against male practice partners. In 1890 she was the only non-American in the US women's championship at the Philadelphia Cricket Club and retired with cramp against Ellen Roosevelt. In 1891 she beat Roosevelt for the title, the first player from outside the United States to win it, and added the doubles. In 1892 she kept the singles and won the doubles and mixed as well. She did not defend in 1893 and played her last open event that July.
She then tried to live by writing, publishing a novel, Her Playthings, Men, in 1891 and two shorter works in 1892, and later took up riding and hunting. By 1897 she was in London, writing for magazines and working in music halls as a singer, actress and chorus girl. She died of tuberculosis in the Union Workhouse at Ormskirk, Lancashire, on 2 February 1905, aged 41, and was buried in a pauper's grave. Her death went unnoticed for decades. She was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1976.
On grass
US singles
1891: beat Ellen Roosevelt 6-4, 6-1, 4-6, 6-3, in the first year the women's final was played over five sets. 1892: beat Elisabeth Moore 5-7, 6-3, 6-4, 4-6, 6-2
US doubles and mixed
Doubles 1891 with Emma Leavitt-Morgan, beat Ellen and Grace Roosevelt 2-6, 8-6, 6-4. Doubles 1892 with Adeline McKinlay, beat Helen Day Harris and Amy Williams 6-1, 6-3. Mixed 1892 with Clarence Hobart, beat Moore and Rodmond Beach 6-1, 6-3
US Championships 1890
Retired with cramp in the deciding set against Ellen Roosevelt; officials refused her time to recover, and she bore Roosevelt a grudge
Unofficial mixed
Won the 1891 mixed doubles with Marion Wright, before the event had championship status
Leading grass titles only: the grass majors, tour-level grass events since 1968 and the leading grass championships before 1968. †single source; ‡ sources disagree. Roll of champions
"Those who have never seen her play can form no idea of the dash and spirit she puts into her game."
Anecdotes
The person behind the player.
Kilkenny, 1884
Off a handicap
Her first recorded competition was the Kilkenny County and City Tournament at Archersfield in 1884, which she won playing off a handicap. In 1886, in the open event at Fitzwilliam Square in Dublin, she lost 6-0, 6-1 in the first round.
In the 1892 final Elisabeth Moore looked the likely winner going into the fifth set. During the interval Moore stayed outside while Cahill cooled off indoors for longer than the rules allowed; Moore tired, and Cahill won the set 6-2. Both played in heeled boots, long sleeves, a necktie and an ankle-length dress over a corset.
The Brooklyn Daily Eagle wrote that the severity of her play was the terror of opponents of her own sex. A syndicated profile that year described a petite brunette with short black hair and bright grey eyes. She was not a popular champion, and had to put up with hostile crowds and opponents.
She sued a New York police officer who would not act on her complaints that gangs of small boys were harassing and assaulting her. In evidence the officer said the boys called her a new woman and that she wore a striking costume.
In 1936 the Irish Lawn Tennis Association advertised in the national press for her, or a representative, to claim a gold medallion in her honour. It took three months for a relative to come forward, and according to Herstory the medal was never struck.
Kilkenny County and City Lawn Tennis Club, where she won in 1884, named a tournament after her in 2019 and in 2021 unveiled a clubhouse mural by Paul Murphy, who lives near her childhood home at Ballyconra House.